In this project, noninvasive clinical tools will be developed based on enabling photoacoustic imaging technology that will allow for the ‘real-time’ visualization of the epileletogenic focus during a seizure. These tools will aid in seizure onset zone identification and in the understanding of interictal spike propagation, thus aiding the interpretation of difficult cases, where the actual onset location may be in doubt. The development of these methods will provide a competitive advantage over existing technologies, none of which are known to include the feature set that is proposed in this project. These features include innovative and novel imaging methods for the identification of the seizure onset zone and epileptogenic networks.